UZALISHAJI WA PAPAI

Papai ni tunda lenye ladha nzuri, na rahisi kuliwa. Aina hii ya tunda ni chanzo cha virutubisho muhimu mwilini, ambavyo husaidia kujenga mwili. Zao hili asili yake ni ukanda wa kitropiki ambao hauna baridi kali na joto kiasi. Udongo pawpaw 2Mipapai hustawi vizuri kwenye udongo usiotuhamisha maji. Endapo maji yakituama kwenye eneo lililopandwa mipapai kwa muda wa siku mbili, mpapai unaweza kuoza kwa haraka na kufa. Kwa kuwa mipapai haina mzizi mkuu, inahitaji udongo wenye rutuba ya kutosha. Halikadhalika, zao hili halihitaji udongo wenye kina kirefu, hivyo ni muhimu kumwagilia mipapai wakati wa kiangazi. Wakati wa mapapai kuiva kama kuna ukame basi hali hiyo huongeza ubora wa papai ikiwamo kutooza mapema baada ya kuvunwa. Kupanda Mipapai ipandwe sehemu ambazo hazina upepo mkali. Hii itasaidia mipapai kukua vizuri bila kuvunjika kwani mti wa mpapai huvunjika kirahisi. Inashauriwa kupanda miti ya kukinga upepo kuzunguka shamba la mipapai. Ili kuwa na tija zaidi, unaweza kupanda aina nyingine ya miti ya matunda kama vile miparachichi, na miembe. Hakikisha miti ya kukinga upepo inakuwa mirefu kuzidi mipapai. Miti hiyo inaweza kutangulia kupandwa miezi kadhaa kabla ya kupanda mipapai. Mbegu Kusanya mbegu toka kwenye mapapai makubwa na yaliyo komaa na kuiva, kisha kausha mbegu vizuri kabla ya kupanda. Inashauriwa kununua mbegu kutoka kwa wazalishaji wanaoaminika na waliothibitishwa, ili kuwa na mazao bora zaidi na yanayoweza kukabiliana na magonjwa. Mbegu aina ya red royal F1, inasifika zaidi kwa kuwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kukabiliana na magonjwa yanayoshambulia mipapai, na huanza kuvunwa mapema zaidi, kati ya miezi 6 hadi 12. Aina hii huvunwa mfululizo kwa miaka 5 hadi 7. Uandaaji wa shamba Inashauriwa kuandaa shamba vizuri kwa kuondoa visiki na magugu yote. Shamba lilimwe vizuri, na kuhakikisha udongo umelainika vizuri. Mashimo • Chimba shimo kwa ajili ya kupanda mpapai, liwe na kina cha sentimita 60 na upana wa sentimita 60. • Weka mboji debe moja kisha changanya na nusu ya udongo uliotoa kwenye shimo, kisha rudishia kwenye shimo. • Mwagilia maji kwa kipindi cha wiki mbili kabla ya kuotesha. Kuotesha Sia miche kwenye kitalu, kasha hamishia shambani inapokuwa na urefu wa sentimita 30. Chomeka mche kwenye ardhi kina cha kati ya sentimeta 1 – 2 chini ya udongo kwenye shimo uliloandaa. Hii itasaidia mche kupata joto la wastani na kuepuka mche kuoza na kufa. Baadhi ya wakulima hupenda kuotesha mipapai moja kwa moja shambani. Endapo unapenda kufanya hivyo, zingatia haya; • Kabla ya kupanda mbegu weka mchanganyiko wa majivu na mbolea ya kuku au mboji sehemu unayokusudia kupanda. Mbolea husaidia ukuaji haraka na jivu husaidia kukinga mipapai na magonjwa. • Panda mbegu 3 – 4 kila shimo, hii ni kwa sababu miche mingine inaweza kufa kutokana na magonjwa, kuliwa na wadudu au ikaota mipapai dume. Nafasi Shimo hadi shimo, liwe na nafasi ya mita 3, na mstari hadi mstari mita 3. Hii itasaidia miche ya mipapai kukua vizuri bila kusongamana. Punguza miche Baada ya miezi 3 – 5 tangu kupanda, mipapai itaanza kutoa maua na hapo jinsia ya mipapai itajulikana. Inapofikia wakati huo inabidi kupunguza mipapai mingine hasa midume. Mipapai yenye jinsi zote isizidi asilimia 10 – 20 ya miche yote iliyopo shambani, na midume ibaki mmoja katika kila majike 25. Utunzaji Copy of pawpaw plant 2• Weka kilo 2 – 5 za samadi kwenye kila mpapai kwa mwaka ili kuongeza ukuaji na uzalishaji. • Mabaki ya mimea yanaweza kuwekwa kama matandazo. Hii ni muhimu zaidi kipindi cha kiangazi ili kuzuia unyevu usipotee. • Chunguza mipapai mara kwa mara ili kuangalia kama kuna magonjwa, ing’olewe na kuchomwa au kufukiwa chini endapo itabainika kuwa na maonjwa. • Unaweza kunyunyiza dawa zisizo na madhara za kukinga au kukabiliana na magonjwa ya ukungu na virusi. Kupogoa • Kata matawi yote yatakayojitokeza pembeni ya mpapai. Hili lifanyike mapema kabla ya tawi kuwa kubwa. • Ondoa mipapi yote ambayo hayakuchavushwa vizuri na ubakize yenye afya tu. Palizi • Mipapai inapopandwa tu inaweza kuwekewa matandazo kuizunguka ili kuzuia uoataji wa magugu. • Magugu yang’olewe yakiwa machanga. • Epuka kuchimbua sana wakati wa palizi kwa kuwa mizizi ya mipapai huwa juu juu. Magonjwa Zao la papai halina magonjwa mengi sana yanayoshambulia endapo litatunzwa vizuri. Hata hivyo kuna baadhi ya magonjwa ambayo yamezoeleka kwenye zao hili kama vile Ugonjwa wa madoa kwenye majani (Papaya spot) na Ugonjwa wa virusi unaojulikana kama Mozaic virus. Mimea yenye magonjwa inaweza kung’olewa na kufukiwa ili kudhibiti ueneaji kwenye mimea mingine.

BOOKS AND HONEY

Lots of effort have been done by our government in developing the education sector especially in building ward secondary schools. Yet  more needs to be done to ensure that students  get quality education so that learning becomes a great experience amongst our schools. The cries of teacher’s salary delay, poor teaching and learning environments , improvement of the curriculum have always been the order of the day. . Mass failure has been an issue that all education stakeholders are concerned with and much has been spoken on what to do in order to solve such problem. When students fail most the blame is pointed out to the government and teachers.

There has been less time taken to investigate the problems within students that hinder their academic performance. One neglected issue that people have turned a blind eye on  is love relations amongst students. Most schools prohibit love relations amongst their students but less measures have been taken to address the issue. Nowadays, it’s a normal thing for a standard five student to have a boyfriend or girlfriend. Students are engaging themselves in sexual relations and the matter is worse enough in secondary schools. Students at higher learning institutions show  no sign of being good examples to their young brothers and sisters. In this current globalized era where social networks have caged the minds of most Tanzanian youth, it becomes difficult for students to concentrate in the development of their studies. Most of them will spend their time chatting on cellphones even in classroom hours.

The media has played the number role one in spreading bad  moral behaviors to students through music, newspaper stories, movies and drama. Students like spending much of their time in such forms of entertainment  and this builds a mentality in their mind that having a boyfriend or girlfriend in school is the most prestigious thing. A student who does not engage in love relations is turned into a laughing stock and labeled with a lots of nicknames. It’s therefore not surprising to meet such students in guest houses and night clubs doing things that even adults become shocked when they realize that their child had been involved in such acts. It is undeniable that students engage themselves in love affairs and this greatly contributes in lowering their performance at school.
Parents spend most of their time in finding money to provide material support to their children like buying them school clothes, books and paying their school fees. Less time is being invested in what is running around in their children’s minds and molding their character. A  bell would ring in a parent’s mind when their girl child becomes pregnant  or when their boy child impregnates a certain girl in their school. When things are too late to handle that's when a wake up call rings at home, that their child had been naughty and  sneaking around. Students nowadays have less interest in their studies and love issues have taken over and rule their world.

It’s high time we spend most of our in shaping our students character at the early stages of primary school. The society, especially parents should stop pointing fingers to the government when their children have failed their exams but some of the causes of failure are in the control of parents themselves.

The website for better education in Tanzania is this.

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10 Big World Companies that Started in Garage

To better understand how to build a world famous company, you need to dive into how other entrepreneurs have created theirs.
Here are ten of the world’s most gigantic businesses that started in garages.

10 Famous Garage Startups

1 .Amazon

Jeff Bezos founded Amazon.com in 1994 as an online bookstore. At the time, it was completely run out of his garage in Bellevue, Washington.
He sold his first book in July 1995 and issued his IPO two years later in 1997.
Today it’s the world’s largest online retailer.
Address: 10704 NE 28th, Bellevue, Washington

2 .Apple

In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, ages 21 and 26 respectively, started Apple Computers by selling 50 units of Wozniak’s Apple I Computer at $500 apiece to a local retailer. Jobs took the purchase order to a parts distributor and ordered the parts. “The Steves” and their small team hand-built 50 computers in 30 days from a garage in Cupertino, CA.
Today, Apple is the most valuable technology company in the world.
Address: 2066 Crist Dr, Los Altos, California

3 .Disney

About 45 minutes down the road from Disneyland Park in Anaheim, CA, there’s a house in Los Angeles where The Walt Disney Company got its start.
In 1923, the house belonged to Walt Disney’s uncle, Robert Disney. Walt and his brother Roy moved in with their uncle and set up “The First Disney Studio” in the one-car garage out back. There they started filming the Alice Comedies which was part of the original Alice’s Wonderland.
Today, Disney is the highest-grossing media conglomerate in the world.
Address: 4651 Kingswell Ave, Los Angeles, California

4 .Google

As Stanford Graduate students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin started what’s now known as Google from Susan Wojcicki’s garage in September 1998.
Soon the project was interfering with their schoolwork, so they tried to sell it to Excite for $1 million. Excite rejected the offer and now Google is the most trafficked site in the world.
Address: 232 Santa Margarita Ave, Menlo Park, California

5 .Harley Davidson

In 1901, 21-year-old William S. Harley drew up plans to create a small engine to power a bicycle.
Over the next two years, Harley and his childhood friend, Arthur Davidson, built their motor-bicycle out of their friend’s 10 by 15-foot wooden shed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It was the equivalent of a garage because they didn’t have cars.
They officially founded Harley-Davidson in 1903 and today it’s the most well-known motorcycle brand in the world.
Address: Somewhere in northern Milwaukee, Wisconsin

6 .Hewlett-Packard

In 1939, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP in Packard’s garage with an initial investment of $538.
Their first product was an audio oscillator and one of their first customers was Walt Disney, who purchased eight oscillators to develop the sound system for the movie Fantasia.
The HP Garage in Palo Alto is known as the birthplace of Silicon Valley and HP is now one of the largest companies in the world.
Address: 367 Addison Ave, Palo Alto, California

7. Lotus Cars

In 1948, at the age of 20, Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman started Lotus Cars by building the first Lotus racing car in stables behind The Railway Hotel in Hornsey, North London. Chapman used a 1930s Austin Seven and a power drill to build the Lotus Mark I.
Today Lotus Cars is one of the premier racing car manufacturers in the world.
Address: 472 Hornsey Rd, London N19 4EF, United Kingdom

8. Maglite

In 1950, Tony Maglica moved from his war-torn home of Croatia back to America. Knowing very little English, he settled in Los Angeles and took jobs wherever he could find them.
In 1955, after saving $125, Tony put a down-payment on his first lathe. Then he started working out of a Los Angeles area garage to manufacture precision parts. He incorporated Mag Instrument in 1974 and released their first flashlight in 1979.
Today, Maglite is the standard issue flashlight for all police officers in the US.
Address: Somewhere in Los Angeles, California

9 .Mattel

Harold “Matt” Matson and Elliot Handler founded Mattel out of a garage in Southern California as picture frame company in 1945. To get the most out of their materials, they started using picture frame scrapes to create dollhouses.
Soon their dollhouses were selling better than their picture frames so they turned their emphasis to toys.
Today Mattel, Inc. is the highest-grossing toy company in the world.
Address: Somewhere in Southern California

10. Yankee Candle Company

In 1969, at 16 years old, Michael Kittredge made his scented candle in his garage out of melted crayons as a gift for his mother. The neighbors took notice and expressed interest in buying Kittredge’s candles, so he started mass-producing them.
Four years later, Kittredge outgrew the garage so he moved the Yankee Candle Company to an old mill in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
Today it’s the largest manufacturer of scented candles in the US.
Address: Somewhere in South Hadley, Massachusetts.

What’s the Point?

Everything starts as nothing.
It’s easy to look at the world’s largest companies and think, “I could never start something like that.” And you’d be right. Most of these companies took decades to get where they are today.
They didn’t start by trying to create Amazon, Apple, and Google. They started by creating an online bookstore, a computer, and a search algorithm.
Whether it’s a garage, a basement, or a dorm room, every business has humble beginnings. It’s not about where you start. It’s where you end up

5 things to consider if you want to become a big Entrepreneur

Sometimes we forget that even the biggest companies started out as small ideas. Today, The Coca-Cola Company earns over $15 million of pure profit every day – but it actually lost money in its first year.

1. Profits Don’t Come Right Away

Since young companies need time to develop, they often require hours of labor with little monetary reward. Time is just like any other investment: if it’s well-spent, it will pay off.
In the case of Coca-Cola, John Pemberton lost $20 in his first year selling the syrup. He wasn’t making any money then, but he was laying the foundation for the next year’s profits (and the 100+ years after that).

2. Failures are Stepping Stones

Every time you make a mistake that means there’s one fewer mistake between you and success. The best way to learn how to do something is to totally fail at it – and then reflect on what you could have done differently.
There’s no point in feeling discouraged. Simply learn and change.

3. Don’t Resist Change

Pemberton’s brain tonic was supposedly a cure for horrible-sounding ailments like, “Neuralgia,” “Hysteria…” and “Melancholia.” But there’s no way that Coca-Cola would be the huge corporation it is today if they hadn’t started marketing their beverage as a soft drink.

4. it’s never too early to Start Branding

By sticking with a tasteful, timeless image, Coca-Cola has turned their logo into an icon. Your brand starts on the same day as your business – so be deliberate and consistent from the get-go.
Even if your business doesn’t have a logo or color scheme, you still have a brand to maintain. You’re building your brand every time you talk with a client or type out a tweet.

5. Brand Big

Brands like Nike, Apple, and Coca-Cola have permeated the collective subconscious by embodying big feelings and ideas.
Of course, those companies also have multi-million dollar marketing budgets and you probably don’t. But if you have a firmly set vision for what feelings and ideas you want people to associate with your business, it will show through.

The Biggest Brand in the World

Today, Coca-Cola is widely considered the biggest brand in the world – but it has something in common with even the smallest start-up: it began with just an entrepreneur and an idea. How will you apply the story of Coca-Cola to your own business?

KARIBUNI NDUGU WASOMAJI KWENYE BLOG HII  YA MAFUNZO MBALIMBALI KUHUSIANA NA UJASILIAMALI NA MAMBO MENGINE YA KIMAENDELEO.
Je ungependa kuwa mjasiliamali? Kama ndiyo, elimika zaidi.
Kwenye biashara, tusichukulie mambo kirahisi rahisi wengi wameanza vizuri sana biashara, lakini leo hawapo tena.

Wengine wameanza kitambo sana, lakini wako pale pale kila kukicha hawasongi mbele.

Napenda kuwashauri kwamba tusiegemee tu katika mawazo yetu bali tuchanganye na mawazo ya wataalamu ili tufanye biashara kitalaamu na iwe endelevu.

Pia wajasiriamali wenzangu mnapaswa kutafuta na kuchagua watalaamu ili mpate ushauri wa kitalaamu.

Kabla hujaanza kufanya kazi na mtalaamu fanya utafiti mdogo kuhusu uwezo wake, mathalani unaweza kupata majina na anuani za watalaamu kwenye kitabu cha taarifa muhimu za mawasiliano, kitabu cha taifa cha mawasiliano ya kibiashara au hata kwenye google.
Ukiandika mtalaamu wa tasnia ya biashara yako utapata majina mengi tu, inabaki kazi kwako kutafiti na kubaini anayekufaa.

Sasa basi kwa wale wanaotarajia kuongeza biashara nyingine ni dhahiri kwamba awali ulianzisha  kwa bahati tu na pengine hukufuata taratibu za kitalaamu.

Ndugu mjasirimali unapokuwa katika mchakato wa kuanzisha biashara mpya mara hii zingatia yafuatayo na mafanikio yake utayaona.

Kabla hujaanza baada ya kupata wazo la  biashara, jiulize maswali yafuatayo na kuona kama jibu ni NDIYO basi uko vizuri na kama ni HAPANA jitahidi kufanyia kazi kwanza. 

Mjasiriamali
Umewahi kujiuliza kwa mapana kwa nini unaanzisha biashara nyingine?
Je, unataka kumiliki biashara yako kwa shauku kubwa kiasi cha kutumia muda mwingi bila kujua kiasi gani cha faida utapata?
Je, umeainisha aina ya biashara unayotarajia kuianzisha?
Je, umewahi kufanya kazi yoyote ukiwa kama msimamizi au meneja?
Je, umewahi kupata elimu ya ujasiriamali popote pale?

Una akiba yoyote?

Umeweza kuainisha malengo yako kwa miaka mitatu, mitano  mpaka kumi?
Umewahi kulinganisha kipato unachoweza endapo utakuwa umeamua kuanzisha biashara au kuajiriwa?

Je, familia inaunga mkono mipango yako ya biashara?

Je, unajua wapi pa kupata mawazo na bidhaa zaidi?

Je, kuna mpango kazi  wako binafsi na wafanyakazi?
Fedha
Je, umewahi kupambanua vihatarishi (risk) vya biashara unayoanzisha?
Je, unajua ni kiasi gani cha fedha kinahitajika kuanzisha biashara unayotarajia?
Vipi umeainisha kiasi gani cha fedha utawekeza katika biashara hiyo?
Unajua ni karidhi (credit) kiasi gani unaweza kupata kutoka kwa waghavi (suppliers)?
Je, unajua ni wapi utakopa  fedha za kuongeza kwenye mtaji wako ili uweze kuanzisha biashara yako?
Je, umekokotoa unaweza kupata mapato kiasi gani kwa mwaka kutokana na biashara yako?
Je, unaweza kuendelea na kipato kidogo kuliko kawaida ili utumie kiasi kingine kukuza biashara?
Je, umezungumza na benki yako kuhusu mipango ya kuanzisha biashara nyingine?
Kuhusu mbia
Kama unahitaji mbia mwenye fedha, utalaamu au uzoefu kuliko wewe, je, unafahamu namna na wapi pa kumpata ili mfanye biashara pamoja?
Je, unajua faida na hasara za kufanya biashara peke yako, ubia au kampuni?
Wateja na washindani
Je, umeanisha wateja wako wa sasa na wa baadaye?
Je, umeanisha washindani wako?
Umeweza kujiuliza ni kwa nini wateja wanunue bidhaa au huduma yako na siyo kwenda kununua kwa wenzako?
Je, unatambua kwamba biashara nyingi katika eneo lako zinafanya vizuri?
Je, umeweza kutafiti na kujua biashara nyingine kama yako zinafanya vizuri?
Watu wangapi wanaweza kuvutiwa na bidhaa au huduma utakayotoa?
Je, unapenda kuishi karibu na eneo la biashara yako?
Je, una uhakika biashara unayoanzisha inakubalika?

Kama haikubaliki unafikiria kuihamisha au kuanzisha nyingine?