COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM, This is the approach or style adopted by imperialist power to ensure effective control of the colonies. The Berlin conference legalized the colonization of Africa through the principle of effective occupation of the colonies, Due to this colonial masters made through assessment of the situations, circumstance and the nature of the colonized people in the particular colony before choosing the colonial administrative or style to be established in the colony. 

The following are the administrative approaches or styles that were adopted by the colonial powers in the early part of twenties century to administer African colonies, DIRECT RULE, INDIRECT RULE, ASSIMILATION POLICY, ASSOCIATION POLICY........ , Prepared by Mwl Frank.....

SOME HINTS FOR DIRECT RULE,

DIRECT RULE, this was the administrative approach in which African traditional leadership were  replaced by European bureaucratic system. Under this system the European colonial officials ruled directly without involving any African chiefs..., Direct rule approach was mainly used in colonies with a considerably larger populations of white settlers such as Zimbabwe, and Kenya under the British and in Algeria under the French ,It was also used by the Germans in Namibia, Tanganyika, Togo and Cameroon........, Prepared by Mwl. Frank.

www.educaretz.blogspot.com , blog hii inamilikiwa haiuzwi kwa mtu yeyote .......

juliusfrank52@gmail.com

Isostatic diagram

juliusfrank52@gmail.com

Learn THE THEORY OF ISOSTASY.

THE THEORY OF ISOSTACY. Isostacy derived from two Greek words and it means equal standing. The theory suggests that "the continent and their major features are maintained in a sort of equilibrium or moving towards equilibrium" It further explain that a large portions of the earth's crust are floating on a dancer underlying layer  called the "MANTLE" .  Thus where the areas of less dancer rocks rise topographically as a mountains and the areas with heavier rocks goes down. In short the lithosphere has highland and lowland due to the variation in density of the materials and gravity, so lowlands have dancer materials than highlands.  

Due to variations the earth tends to maintain its balance, such that any disturbance on the earth's crust causes the movement of the molten materials "Asthenosphere" in mantle to different directions for the sake of bringing back equilibrium. There two types of movement of molten materials, "Vertical and Lateral movement".  Vertical movement include upward and downward movement and this cause either uplift or sagging of the earth's crust. Highland are centre of denudation while the lowlands are the centres of deposition. So when the highland worn down there occur land uplift as a result of upward movement of mantle material caused by reduction in weight on the earth's surface.

 The same balancing brought the formation of ice, when ice formed led to subsidence because of its weight and when ice melt there occur land uplift because of the reduction of weight after melting. THE EFFECTS OF ISOSTATIC MOVEMENT. faulting leading to formation of rift valley and block mountains. Folding leading to formation of fold mountains. Volcanic eruptions forming different volcanic features. Displacement of the lithosphere leading to plate tectonic movements and continental drifting. 

 EVIDENCES OF ISOSTATIC MOVEMENTS. the depression of the crust in northern part of America and Europe was due to weight of ice sheet of vast thickness during the ice age. The continental shelf around Antarctica is covered with water to a depth of about 750m compared with 180m around continents. Presence of Ria's and estuaries between cost lands of Gambia and Sierra Leone. Submergence of forests on the shores of Britain.

THE EARTH'S GRAVITY AND ITS DYNAMIC.

THE EARTH'S GRAVITY AND ITS DYNAMIC. The earth has got gravitational force which pull all things towards its center. It influences the densities and weights of the materials in each zone of the earth's interior. As one goes towards the center of gravity the density and weight of materials such as minerals and rocks increase. This is because as one goes toward the center of gravity ,the gravity pulls more and more. 

As the gravity pulls the materials strongly the density of materials increase. Gravity plays a fundamental role on the stability and dynamic state of the earth. Stability - Caused by gravitational pull which tends to attract everything towards the center. 

Dynamic state of the earth's crust - Caused by gravitational force, this is because the earth's crust tend to respond to the force of gravity so as to maintain its gravitational balance or isostacy. As the earth's crust responds to the force of gravity it causes disturbances in the Asthenosphere. When Asthenosphere is dist

UZALISHAJI WA PAPAI

Papai ni tunda lenye ladha nzuri, na rahisi kuliwa. Aina hii ya tunda ni chanzo cha virutubisho muhimu mwilini, ambavyo husaidia kujenga mwili. Zao hili asili yake ni ukanda wa kitropiki ambao hauna baridi kali na joto kiasi. Udongo pawpaw 2Mipapai hustawi vizuri kwenye udongo usiotuhamisha maji. Endapo maji yakituama kwenye eneo lililopandwa mipapai kwa muda wa siku mbili, mpapai unaweza kuoza kwa haraka na kufa. Kwa kuwa mipapai haina mzizi mkuu, inahitaji udongo wenye rutuba ya kutosha. Halikadhalika, zao hili halihitaji udongo wenye kina kirefu, hivyo ni muhimu kumwagilia mipapai wakati wa kiangazi. Wakati wa mapapai kuiva kama kuna ukame basi hali hiyo huongeza ubora wa papai ikiwamo kutooza mapema baada ya kuvunwa. Kupanda Mipapai ipandwe sehemu ambazo hazina upepo mkali. Hii itasaidia mipapai kukua vizuri bila kuvunjika kwani mti wa mpapai huvunjika kirahisi. Inashauriwa kupanda miti ya kukinga upepo kuzunguka shamba la mipapai. Ili kuwa na tija zaidi, unaweza kupanda aina nyingine ya miti ya matunda kama vile miparachichi, na miembe. Hakikisha miti ya kukinga upepo inakuwa mirefu kuzidi mipapai. Miti hiyo inaweza kutangulia kupandwa miezi kadhaa kabla ya kupanda mipapai. Mbegu Kusanya mbegu toka kwenye mapapai makubwa na yaliyo komaa na kuiva, kisha kausha mbegu vizuri kabla ya kupanda. Inashauriwa kununua mbegu kutoka kwa wazalishaji wanaoaminika na waliothibitishwa, ili kuwa na mazao bora zaidi na yanayoweza kukabiliana na magonjwa. Mbegu aina ya red royal F1, inasifika zaidi kwa kuwa na uwezo mkubwa wa kukabiliana na magonjwa yanayoshambulia mipapai, na huanza kuvunwa mapema zaidi, kati ya miezi 6 hadi 12. Aina hii huvunwa mfululizo kwa miaka 5 hadi 7. Uandaaji wa shamba Inashauriwa kuandaa shamba vizuri kwa kuondoa visiki na magugu yote. Shamba lilimwe vizuri, na kuhakikisha udongo umelainika vizuri. Mashimo • Chimba shimo kwa ajili ya kupanda mpapai, liwe na kina cha sentimita 60 na upana wa sentimita 60. • Weka mboji debe moja kisha changanya na nusu ya udongo uliotoa kwenye shimo, kisha rudishia kwenye shimo. • Mwagilia maji kwa kipindi cha wiki mbili kabla ya kuotesha. Kuotesha Sia miche kwenye kitalu, kasha hamishia shambani inapokuwa na urefu wa sentimita 30. Chomeka mche kwenye ardhi kina cha kati ya sentimeta 1 – 2 chini ya udongo kwenye shimo uliloandaa. Hii itasaidia mche kupata joto la wastani na kuepuka mche kuoza na kufa. Baadhi ya wakulima hupenda kuotesha mipapai moja kwa moja shambani. Endapo unapenda kufanya hivyo, zingatia haya; • Kabla ya kupanda mbegu weka mchanganyiko wa majivu na mbolea ya kuku au mboji sehemu unayokusudia kupanda. Mbolea husaidia ukuaji haraka na jivu husaidia kukinga mipapai na magonjwa. • Panda mbegu 3 – 4 kila shimo, hii ni kwa sababu miche mingine inaweza kufa kutokana na magonjwa, kuliwa na wadudu au ikaota mipapai dume. Nafasi Shimo hadi shimo, liwe na nafasi ya mita 3, na mstari hadi mstari mita 3. Hii itasaidia miche ya mipapai kukua vizuri bila kusongamana. Punguza miche Baada ya miezi 3 – 5 tangu kupanda, mipapai itaanza kutoa maua na hapo jinsia ya mipapai itajulikana. Inapofikia wakati huo inabidi kupunguza mipapai mingine hasa midume. Mipapai yenye jinsi zote isizidi asilimia 10 – 20 ya miche yote iliyopo shambani, na midume ibaki mmoja katika kila majike 25. Utunzaji Copy of pawpaw plant 2• Weka kilo 2 – 5 za samadi kwenye kila mpapai kwa mwaka ili kuongeza ukuaji na uzalishaji. • Mabaki ya mimea yanaweza kuwekwa kama matandazo. Hii ni muhimu zaidi kipindi cha kiangazi ili kuzuia unyevu usipotee. • Chunguza mipapai mara kwa mara ili kuangalia kama kuna magonjwa, ing’olewe na kuchomwa au kufukiwa chini endapo itabainika kuwa na maonjwa. • Unaweza kunyunyiza dawa zisizo na madhara za kukinga au kukabiliana na magonjwa ya ukungu na virusi. Kupogoa • Kata matawi yote yatakayojitokeza pembeni ya mpapai. Hili lifanyike mapema kabla ya tawi kuwa kubwa. • Ondoa mipapi yote ambayo hayakuchavushwa vizuri na ubakize yenye afya tu. Palizi • Mipapai inapopandwa tu inaweza kuwekewa matandazo kuizunguka ili kuzuia uoataji wa magugu. • Magugu yang’olewe yakiwa machanga. • Epuka kuchimbua sana wakati wa palizi kwa kuwa mizizi ya mipapai huwa juu juu. Magonjwa Zao la papai halina magonjwa mengi sana yanayoshambulia endapo litatunzwa vizuri. Hata hivyo kuna baadhi ya magonjwa ambayo yamezoeleka kwenye zao hili kama vile Ugonjwa wa madoa kwenye majani (Papaya spot) na Ugonjwa wa virusi unaojulikana kama Mozaic virus. Mimea yenye magonjwa inaweza kung’olewa na kufukiwa ili kudhibiti ueneaji kwenye mimea mingine.

BOOKS AND HONEY

Lots of effort have been done by our government in developing the education sector especially in building ward secondary schools. Yet  more needs to be done to ensure that students  get quality education so that learning becomes a great experience amongst our schools. The cries of teacher’s salary delay, poor teaching and learning environments , improvement of the curriculum have always been the order of the day. . Mass failure has been an issue that all education stakeholders are concerned with and much has been spoken on what to do in order to solve such problem. When students fail most the blame is pointed out to the government and teachers.

There has been less time taken to investigate the problems within students that hinder their academic performance. One neglected issue that people have turned a blind eye on  is love relations amongst students. Most schools prohibit love relations amongst their students but less measures have been taken to address the issue. Nowadays, it’s a normal thing for a standard five student to have a boyfriend or girlfriend. Students are engaging themselves in sexual relations and the matter is worse enough in secondary schools. Students at higher learning institutions show  no sign of being good examples to their young brothers and sisters. In this current globalized era where social networks have caged the minds of most Tanzanian youth, it becomes difficult for students to concentrate in the development of their studies. Most of them will spend their time chatting on cellphones even in classroom hours.

The media has played the number role one in spreading bad  moral behaviors to students through music, newspaper stories, movies and drama. Students like spending much of their time in such forms of entertainment  and this builds a mentality in their mind that having a boyfriend or girlfriend in school is the most prestigious thing. A student who does not engage in love relations is turned into a laughing stock and labeled with a lots of nicknames. It’s therefore not surprising to meet such students in guest houses and night clubs doing things that even adults become shocked when they realize that their child had been involved in such acts. It is undeniable that students engage themselves in love affairs and this greatly contributes in lowering their performance at school.
Parents spend most of their time in finding money to provide material support to their children like buying them school clothes, books and paying their school fees. Less time is being invested in what is running around in their children’s minds and molding their character. A  bell would ring in a parent’s mind when their girl child becomes pregnant  or when their boy child impregnates a certain girl in their school. When things are too late to handle that's when a wake up call rings at home, that their child had been naughty and  sneaking around. Students nowadays have less interest in their studies and love issues have taken over and rule their world.

It’s high time we spend most of our in shaping our students character at the early stages of primary school. The society, especially parents should stop pointing fingers to the government when their children have failed their exams but some of the causes of failure are in the control of parents themselves.