REASONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF ASSIMILATION POLICY BY THE FRENCH

REASONS FOR THE APPLICATION OF ASSIMILATION POLICY BY THE FRENCH, firstly expansion of French empire, The French government regarded colonies as overseas provinces that were to be put under uniform administration policies to be implemented in all colonies hence the adoption of assimilation. Secondly  French revolution of 1789, 

The French revolution of 1789 popularized the revolutionary ideas of freedom, fraternity and equality that were regarded as the fundamental rights to all people every where in the world, this compelled the French parliament to declare all those born in French colonies had to enjoy full citizenry rights of French citizens thus assimilation was adopted. 

Thirdly creation of the class of African Frenchman, Fourthly the policy was considered economically cheap. Fifth abolition of African primitive tribal practices in west Africa. Sixth creation of the puppet class that would help in perpetuating colonialism. Seventh the need for identical administration policies, Eighth French superior civilization.....  

ASSIMILATION POLICY,

ASSIMILATION POLICY, Is an administration system in which Africans were taught how to think, reason and act as a French men or Portuguese.  Africans were taught French language, institutions, laws,religion and customs in the colonies. Assimilation policy was largely used by the French in French west Africa. NB: The Portuguese also used assimilation policy but was not as much as the French. Mozambique and Angola are the Portuguese colonies where assimilation policy was used, In French colonies assimilation policy was largely in Senegal in the provinces that had many French settlers E.g Dakar, Goree, Rastique, St Louis .  When assimilation policy failed, the French adopted Association. 

ASSIMILATION POLICY,

  ASSIMILATION POLICY, Is an administrative system in which Africans were taught how to think, reason and act as the French men. Africans were taught French language, laws, religion and customs in the colonies. Portuguese also used assimilation policy but was not as much as the French. Mozambique and Angora are the Portuguese colonies were assimilation policy was used. In French colonies assimilation policy was largely in Senegal in the provinces that had many French setters E.g Dakar, Goree, Rastique, St Louis.  When assimilation policy failed the French adopted Association policy.

WRITE SHORT NOTES ON PAN-AFRICANISM.

(What do you understand by the term PAN-AFRICANISM?).. Pan-Africanism was the movement of black people in the new world. Originated as a protest movement against slavery and oppression of the black people in USA and Caribbean, It passed through various phases of development before it developed an ideology of African decolonisation, unity, cooperation and modernization in Africa in the second half of twentieth century. 

Pan-africanism

Pan-Africanism refer to the desire for African unity which tries to cultivate brotherhood of black people in the world. Originated in America where Negroes existed e.g USA,West Indies and other areas, it gives the sense of solidarity to different people of African origin. Pan-Africanism refer to the movement of ideas and emotions of the black people in the new world (diaspora) mainly America and Caribbeans to recognise people's well being and their future wherever they are. 

The movement was concerned with the unification of black peoples cultural ideas and sovereignty of African states; politically, socially and economically. To sum up, through Pan-Africanism, black people become conscious of their common origin and sought to unite and struggle to restore their humanity, dignity and freedom advocating - Africa for Africans.

Learn about MEASUREMENT OF EARTHQUAKE,

MEASUREMENT OF EARTHQUAKE, Its intensity and magnitude measure the strength of earthquake. This obtained by detecting the Seismic waves using instruments called Seismograph or Seismometer. INTENSITY is a measure of how earthquake shakes the ground, it determined through the effects produced by the earthquakes , the intensity varies from one place to another . the scale which gives the intensity is called MERCALLI SCALE. it ranges from imperceptible, very feeble, feeble, moderate, rather strong, strong to major catastrophe. MAGNITUDE, Refers to the amount of energy realized. Magnitude is given on the RITCHER SCALE. I will come soon to teach you more

The following are the EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES,

The EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES, Faulting and production of joints on the rocks, this makes the rocks become weak and hence prone to any drastic forces leading to crustal deformation. Subsidence of the crust producing either rift valleys or basins. Landslides can occur and this in turn can lead to land degradation. 

Collapse of houses and other structures as well as loss of people's life, for example in 1906 the earthquake killed 700 people and caused substantial loss of property in San - Fransisco. Fire outbreak in cities , in 1906,  70% of damage in San Fransisco was due to fire outbreak. Tsunamis (wave in the ocean due to earthquake) they are also called tidal waves in 1906, Tsunamis occurred around Chile and led to the inversion of waves over the costal areas. 

These were caused by the upheaval of the sea floor.  Earthquakes are frequent in the west of north and south America (E.g Alaska and San Andreas) Middle East, Northern India etc

EXAMPLES OF AREAS COMMONLY KNOWN TO RECORD EARTHQUAKES

EXAMPLES OF AREAS COMMONLY KNOWN TO RECORD EARTHQUAKES, the circum-pacific belt; this extends from west cost of America to west Indies, the east coast of Asia from the Aleutian islands through Japan to new Guinea to New Zealand. Alpine- Himalayans belt; (The Mediterranean -East Indies Belt), this extends from west to east along the Mediterranean and Himalayan to join the circum-pacific belt near new Guinea. Mid-Atlantic ridge; this is a range of submarine mountains from Iceland through the Azores, Ascension Island and Tristan de Cunha. The great African Rift valley; It runs along the red sea and through East Africa to Beira in Mozambique.

THE WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

THE WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES, They are closely related to features such as ocean trenches, island arcs, and young fold mountain ranges , these are area prone to earthquake because they lie in areas of crustal instability. Earthquakes also occur where tectonic plates collide or along the zones of subduction. Along the zones of divergence ,these are the zones along which molten materials up well.

SOME CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE,

SOME CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE, faulting of the lithosphere caused by the plate tectonic movement where one plate slides past another plate, this cause disturbances which in turn generate shock waves that end up shaking the earth's crust. Vulcanism, this cause earthquake due to the fact that magma moves under the influence of intense pressure from the earth's interior. Mass movements like landslide and rockfall can also cause the occurrence of earthquake. 

Falling of the objects from the atmosphere such as meteorites lead to the shaking of the earth's crust. Man's influence through his activities such as quarrying of rocks, using explosives like dynamite, transport vessels like trains and heavy trucks. Movement of animals in a big number lead to the occurrence of earth tremor but at a local scale.......  Prepared by Mwl Frank.......  

EARTHQUAKE Lesson in Tanzania

EARTHQUAKE, Is the shaking of the earth's crust due to the sudden and rapid displacement of the rocks along the line of weakness. It occur in association with the volcanic eruptions, The shaking is caused by the series of shock waves produced from the point of origin called Seismic focus. The point on the surface vertically above the focus is called EPICENTRE. The epicentre receives shocks first and it is here where maximum destruction takes place..... Prepared by Frank ..... 

HISTORY COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM,

 This refer to the approach/methods / style adopted by imperialist powers to ensure effective control of their colonies. The Berlin conference of 1884 - 1885 legalized the colonization from the cost to the interior of Africa through the principle of effective occupation of the colonies, Thus the colonial masters made assessment of their areas given on the nature, situations, Circumstances in the particular colony before choosing the colonial administrative approaches /style to be established in the colony...... 

The following are the administrative approaches/styles that were adopted by the colonial powers in the early part of twenties century to administer African colonies, DIRECT RULE, INDIRECT RULE, ASSIMILATION POLICY, ASSOCIATION.... Choosing of any of the approach above determined by the following factors; Firstly the nature of the African centralized state such as Buganda, Bunyoro, Asante, and Dahomy, this were inherently resistant to the impositi

REASONS FOR APPLICATION OF DIRECT RULE

 (discuss the factors for the use of direct rule) Firstly Intensive resistance, the colonies that had experienced with African resistance during the imposition of colonial rule forced the colonialist to use direct rule in attempts to suppress faster African resistance e.g The Germans were compelled to use direct rule to imposition of the hehe, in Swahili traders in Tanganyika, Nama and Herero in Namibia.

 Secondly presence of large settler populations, the colonial state wanted to safeguards the interest of the settlers in setter colonies to enable them gain ultimate and control over the economies and exploit valuable African resistances such as farms, land and minerals E.g British established direct rule in Zimbabwe and Kenya to safeguards settlers. Thirdly negligence of the traditional authorities by the colonial administration, The German, Belgium and Portuguese believed that Africans were inferior and their Administrative system were very inef

COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM, this were the style or approaches adopted by imperialist power to ensure effective control of the colonies. It should be noted that the Berlin conference of 1884-1885 legalized the imposition of colonialism from the costal strips to the inter land of Africa stressing on the effective occupation, that meant the establishment of strong and stable colonial administrative structures as the basic prerequisite to effective administration of the colonies. 

It is therefore meant that the colonial masters could make through assessment of the situations, circumstances and the nature of the colonized people (colonial subject) in the particular colony before choosing the colonial administrative approach/style to be established in the colony. The following are the administrative approach/styles that were adopted by the colonial powers in the early twentieth century to administer African colonies, DIRECT RULE, INDIRECT RULE, ASSIMILATION POLICY, ASSOCIATION..., The c

EARTH QUAKE IS VIBRATION

EARTHQUAKE, This is the vibration of the earth's crust due to the sudden displacement of rocks along the line of weakness, It can occur in association with the volcanic eruptions, The shaking produced from the point of origin called Seismic focus, EPICENTER is the point on the surface vertically above the focus. The Epicenter received the shocks first and the maximum destruction takes place..... Prepared by Rweyendera....

The choice of any of the colonial approaches

The choice of any of the colonial approaches or style was determined by the following factors; The nature of the African centralized state such as Buganda, Bunyoro, Oyo and Asante this were resistant against imposition of colonization so indirect rule preferred. 

The nature of African colonial alliance in areas where many African groups allied with Europeans indirect rule was preferred. The number of European personnel employed to perform administrative duties in colonies, European were few in number this led ineffective so colonialist decided to use the Africans so association policy preferred. 

Colonial ideologies, Africans regarded as barbaric that they have to be civilized so assimilation was preferred. Colonial superiority, Germans regarded themselves as superior to all races so they didn't involved the Africans in administration so they preferred to use indirect rule approach.... ....... Prepared by Mwl Frank ........

COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM

COLONIAL ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM, This is the approach or style adopted by imperialist power to ensure effective control of the colonies. The Berlin conference legalized the colonization of Africa through the principle of effective occupation of the colonies, Due to this colonial masters made through assessment of the situations, circumstance and the nature of the colonized people in the particular colony before choosing the colonial administrative or style to be established in the colony. 

The following are the administrative approaches or styles that were adopted by the colonial powers in the early part of twenties century to administer African colonies, DIRECT RULE, INDIRECT RULE, ASSIMILATION POLICY, ASSOCIATION POLICY........ , Prepared by Mwl Frank.....

SOME HINTS FOR DIRECT RULE,

DIRECT RULE, this was the administrative approach in which African traditional leadership were  replaced by European bureaucratic system. Under this system the European colonial officials ruled directly without involving any African chiefs..., Direct rule approach was mainly used in colonies with a considerably larger populations of white settlers such as Zimbabwe, and Kenya under the British and in Algeria under the French ,It was also used by the Germans in Namibia, Tanganyika, Togo and Cameroon........, Prepared by Mwl. Frank.

www.educaretz.blogspot.com , blog hii inamilikiwa haiuzwi kwa mtu yeyote .......

juliusfrank52@gmail.com

Isostatic diagram

juliusfrank52@gmail.com

Learn THE THEORY OF ISOSTASY.

THE THEORY OF ISOSTACY. Isostacy derived from two Greek words and it means equal standing. The theory suggests that "the continent and their major features are maintained in a sort of equilibrium or moving towards equilibrium" It further explain that a large portions of the earth's crust are floating on a dancer underlying layer  called the "MANTLE" .  Thus where the areas of less dancer rocks rise topographically as a mountains and the areas with heavier rocks goes down. In short the lithosphere has highland and lowland due to the variation in density of the materials and gravity, so lowlands have dancer materials than highlands.  

Due to variations the earth tends to maintain its balance, such that any disturbance on the earth's crust causes the movement of the molten materials "Asthenosphere" in mantle to different directions for the sake of bringing back equilibrium. There two types of movement of molten materials, "Vertical and Lateral movement".  Vertical movement include upward and downward movement and this cause either uplift or sagging of the earth's crust. Highland are centre of denudation while the lowlands are the centres of deposition. So when the highland worn down there occur land uplift as a result of upward movement of mantle material caused by reduction in weight on the earth's surface.

 The same balancing brought the formation of ice, when ice formed led to subsidence because of its weight and when ice melt there occur land uplift because of the reduction of weight after melting. THE EFFECTS OF ISOSTATIC MOVEMENT. faulting leading to formation of rift valley and block mountains. Folding leading to formation of fold mountains. Volcanic eruptions forming different volcanic features. Displacement of the lithosphere leading to plate tectonic movements and continental drifting. 

 EVIDENCES OF ISOSTATIC MOVEMENTS. the depression of the crust in northern part of America and Europe was due to weight of ice sheet of vast thickness during the ice age. The continental shelf around Antarctica is covered with water to a depth of about 750m compared with 180m around continents. Presence of Ria's and estuaries between cost lands of Gambia and Sierra Leone. Submergence of forests on the shores of Britain.

THE EARTH'S GRAVITY AND ITS DYNAMIC.

THE EARTH'S GRAVITY AND ITS DYNAMIC. The earth has got gravitational force which pull all things towards its center. It influences the densities and weights of the materials in each zone of the earth's interior. As one goes towards the center of gravity the density and weight of materials such as minerals and rocks increase. This is because as one goes toward the center of gravity ,the gravity pulls more and more. 

As the gravity pulls the materials strongly the density of materials increase. Gravity plays a fundamental role on the stability and dynamic state of the earth. Stability - Caused by gravitational pull which tends to attract everything towards the center. 

Dynamic state of the earth's crust - Caused by gravitational force, this is because the earth's crust tend to respond to the force of gravity so as to maintain its gravitational balance or isostacy. As the earth's crust responds to the force of gravity it causes disturbances in the Asthenosphere. When Asthenosphere is dist